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Dans une lettre datant du 7 juin 1846, Mgr. John Hughes, alors évêque du diocèse de New York, disait "Je suis a régler, pour le compte de la corporation pour les orphelins, l'achat d'un terrain d'environ sept acres qui deviendra le cœur de la ville". Ce "lot" est l'emplacement sis entre la 51è et la 52è rue et allant de la 5è avenue jusqu'à l'actuelle avenue Park. Cet orphelinat a ouvert ses portes en 1851. L'emplacement sis au sud de ce lot, où est actuellement érigée la cathédrale Saint Patrick, était devenu une propriété catholique le 6 mars 1810 et ce, pour la somme de $11,000.
Lorsque, le 6 octobre 1850, l'archevêque Hughes annonce à l' assemblée réunie dans l'ancienne cathédrale Saint Patrick, sise au coin des rues Mott et Prince, que la ville de New York a été élevée au rang d'archidiocèse le 19 juillet dernier par le Pape Pie IX, il déclara qu'il proposait "pour la plus grande gloire de Dieu, en l'honneur de la Bienheureuse Vierge Immaculée, pour l'exaltation de notre sainte mère l'Église, pour la dignité de notre nom de catholiques, d'ériger une cathédrale dans la ville de New York qui serait à la hauteur de notre accroissement démographique, de notre intelligence et de notre richesse en tant que communauté religieuse, et dans tous les cas, digne d'un monument architectural public qui sera un joyau pour le présent et l'avenir de cette métropole du continent américain".
En ce temps, 1850, les limites de la ville de New York se situaient à la 23è rue. La 5è avenue et la 51è rue étaient des lieux déserts. Plusieurs de ses contemporains le jugèrent comme téméraire. Toutefois, avec une clairevoyance stupéfiante, l'archevêque Hughes était convaincu que la 51è rue et la 5è avenue allaient être le point le plus central de la ville. Alors, il décida d'ériger la nouvelle cathédrale dans le lot situé au sud de l'orphelinat.
La pierre angulaire fut placée le 15 août 1858 et la construction de l'édifice de style gothique, selon les plans de l'architecte James Renwick Jr, progressa rapidement jusqu'à ce qu'elle fut arrêtée par la guerre civile. La guerre terminée, la construction reprit et la structure était complétée à l'automne 1878 à l'exception des clochers et de la chapelle Lady. La cathédrale est construite de marbre blanc extrait de carrières de New York et du Massachusetts. Mesurant 101 mètres (332 pieds) de long et 53 mètres (174 pieds) de large, elle fut consacrée le 24 mai 1879. Les clochers, hauts de 100 mètres (330 pieds) à partir du sol, furent terminés en 1888 alors que la chapelle Lady fut complétée en 1908 ce qui ajouta 25 mètres (83 pieds) à la longueur totale de la cathédrale. Les verrières ont été fabriquées à Chartres, à Birmingham, et Boston. La grande rose a été exécutée par Charles Connick. Les autels de Saint Michel et de Saint Louis ont été conçus par la compagnie Tiffany alors que celui de Saint Elizabeth a été conçu par Paolo Medici, de Rome
Lorsqu'elle fut complétée en 1878, en raison de ses proportions gigantesques, la cathédrale Saint Patrick dominait complètement le voisinage de ce qui est aujourd'hui le centre-ville Manhattan.
Les orgues
Les premières orgues de la cathédrale Saint Patrick furent construites par le facteur new-yorkais George Jardine and Sons et datent de la dernière moitié du 19è siècle. Avec la nomination, en 1926, de Pietro Yon en tant qu'organiste et directeur de la musique, des plans furent élaborés pour remplacer les orgues. La firme Kilgen and Sons, de St. Louis, a reçu le contrat de construire deux nouveaux instruments selon les plans et devis énormément influencés par l'organiste de cathédrale, de renommée mondiale, Pietro Yon.
La firme Kilgen a livré l'orgue de chœur, sis près du sanctuaire, en 1928. Durant sa construction, on constata que le jubé devrait être agrandi afin de recevoir le nouvel orgue. À la fin des années 20, une extension de béton renforcé fut ajoutée au jubé. En 1930, l'instrument actuel fut complété. Il possédait l'une des façades les plus magnifiques faite de bois et enjolivé d'anges et d'inscriptions latines.
Dans les années 40 et 50, des changements sonores furent apportés et, dans les années 70 et 80, des rénovations additionnelles furent entreprises principalement en ce qui concerne la ré-harmonisation des anches et l'addition de la Trompette en chamade. Dans les années 90, deux nouvelles consoles de cinq claviers chacune furent construites par Robert Turner et l'on procéda au nettoyage et au finissage des tuyaux et du bois de la façade.
L'orgue de chœur est situé dans le déambulatoire nord, près du maître autel. Ses 1,480 tuyaux sont situés du côté opposé au déambulatoire, diagonalement opposés à la console. L'orgue de chœur complète l'orgue du jubé pour l'accompagnement des hymnes tout en assurant la musique pour les offices célébrés dans la chapelle Lady. En combinant l'orgue de chœur à celui du jubé, on obtient 177 jeux et plus de 9,000 tuyaux. Les deux orgues peuvent être joués à partir de n'importe laquelle des deux consoles. La firme Peragallo Organ Company du New Jersey agit comme curateur des orgues.
[cliquer sur l'image ou ici pour obtenir une version agrandie]
In a letter dated June 7, 1846, the Most Reverend John Hughes, then Bishop of the Diocese of New York, said "I am about securing for the Corporation for the Orphans a lot of about seven acres in what will be the heart of the City". That "lot" is the area between 51st and 52nd Streets, extending from Fifth Avenue to the present Park Avenue. The orphanage was opened there in 1851. The block to the south of this, where Saint Patrick's Cathedral now stands, had become Catholic property on March 6, 1810, for the sum of $11,000.
When Archbishop Hughes, on October 6, 1850, announced to the congregation assembled in the Old St. Patrick's Cathedral, located at Mott and Prince Streets, that New York had been elevated to an archdiocese the previous July 19th by Pope Pius IX, he disclosed that he proposed "for the glory of Almighty God, for the honour of the Blessed and Immaculate Virgin, for the Exaltation of Holy Mother Church, for the dignity of our ancient and glorious Catholic name, to erect a Cathedral in the City of New York that may be worthy of our increasing numbers, intelligence and wealth as a religious community, and at all events, worthy as a public architectural monument, of the present and prospective crowns of this metropolis of the American continent".
At that time, 1850, the City of New York terminated at 23rd Street. Fifth Avenue and 51st Street was a wilderness. Most of his contemporaries thought him reckless. However, with his amazing foresight, Archbishop Hughes was convinced that 51st Street and Fifth Avenue would be the "most central" locality in the City. Hence, he determined to erect the new Cathedral on the block south of the orphanage.
The cornerstone was laid on August 15, 1858, and the geometric building in the Gothic style, planned by architect James Renwick Jr, progressed rapidly until it was halted by the Civil War. Construction was resumed shortly after the war, and the structure was completed by the fall of 1878 with exception of the spires and the Lady Chapel. The Cathedral is built of white marble quarried in New York and Massachusetts. Measuring 332 feet (101 m) long and 174 feet (53 m) wide, it was consecrated on May 24, 1879. The spires, rising 330 feet (100 m) from street level, were finished in 1888, and the Lady Chapel was completed in 1908 which added an additional 83 feet )25 m_ to the Cathedral's length. The stained glass windows were made by artists in Chartres, Birmingham, and Boston. The great rose window is one of Charles Connick's major works. The St. Michael and St. Louis altars were designed by Tiffany & Co. while the St. Elizabeth altar was designed by Paolo Medici, of Rome.
When completed in 1878, by reason of its enormous proportions, Saint Patrick's Cathedral dominated the entire area of what is today mid-town Manhattan.
The Organs
The original organs in Saint Patrick's Cathedral were built by George Jardine and Sons, one of New York's organ builders during the later half of the 19th century. With the appointment, in 1926, of Pietro Yon as Organist/Director of Music, plans were initiated to replace the organs. The St. Louis firm of Kilgen and Sons was engaged to build two new instruments according to designs which were heavily influenced by the Cathedral's world renowned organist Pietro Yon.
The Kilgen Company first delivered the Chancel Organ located near the sanctuary in 1928. During the building period it was determined that the gallery would need to be extended to accommodate the new Grand Gallery Organ. In the late 1920's a concrete reinforced extension to the original gallery was constructed. In 1930, the present instrument, with one of the nation's most glorious wood facades adorned with angels and Latin inscriptions was completed.
In the 1940's and 50's tonal changes were made and in the 1970's and 80's additional renovations were made particularly in the re-voicing of reeds and the addition of the Trumpet en Chamade. In the 1990's two new twin five-manual consoles were built by Robert Turner and the cleaning and refinishing of the facade pipes and wood were completed.
The Chancel Organ is located in the North Ambulatory, close to the main altar. Its 1,480 pipes are located on the opposite side of the Ambulatory, diagonally across from the console. The Chancel Organ complements the Gallery Organ in the playing of hymns and also provides the music for services held in the Lady Chapel. The combined Gallery and Cancel organs have 177 stops containing over 9,000 pipes. Both organs can be played from either five-manual console. The Peragallo Organ Company of New Jersey has been appointed as curators of the organs.
II. Great |
III. Swell |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diapason | 16' | Salicional | 16' | |
| Violone | 16' | Bourdon | 16' | |
| First Diapason | 8' | Diapason | 8' | |
| Second Diapason | 8' | Violin Diapason | 8' | |
| Violoncello | 8' | Viola da Gamba | 8' | |
| Viola Sorda | 8' | Viole d'orchestre | 8' | |
| Gemshorn | 8' | Viole céleste | 8' | |
| 4Flûte harmonique | 8' | Flûte harmonique | 8' | |
| Bourdon | 8' | Clarinet Flute | 8' | |
| Gross Quinte | 5 1/3' | Salicional (ext) | 8' | |
| Principal | 4' | Voix céleste | 8' | |
| Octave (ext) | 4' | Prestant | 4' | |
| 4Flûte octaviante (ext) | 4' | Octave (ext) | 4' | |
| Erzähler | 4' | Forest Flute | 4' | |
| Clarabella | 4' | Dolce Flute (ext) | 4' | |
| Quinte | 2 2/3' | Salicet (ext) | 4' | |
| Fifteenth | 2' | Super Octave | 2' | |
| Claribel Flute (ext) | 2' | Larigot | 1 1/3' | |
| Tierce | 1 3/5' | Fourniture | V | |
| Larigot | 1 1/3' | Cymbale | III | |
| Fourniture | V-VII | Contra Fagotto | 16' | |
| Cymbale | IV | Trompette | 8' | |
| 3Posaune | 16' | Corno di Bassetto | 8' | |
| Trompette | 8' | Oboe | 8' | |
| Trumpet | 8' | Vox Humana | 8' | |
| Clarion (ext) | 4' | Clarion | 4' | |
| Tremolo | ||||
| Trompette en Chamade (Solo) | 8' | |||
I. Choir |
IV. Solo |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contra Viola | 16' | Contra Gamba | 16' | |
| Quintadena | 16' | Stentorphone | 8' | |
| Diapason | 8' | Solo Flute | 8' | |
| Geigen Diapason | 8' | Gross Gamba (ext) | 8' | |
| Doppelflöte | 8' | Gamba céleste | 8' | |
| Gamba | 8' | Octave | 4' | |
| Viola (ext) | 8' | Flûte ouverte (ext) | 4' | |
| Concert Flute | 8' | Tierce | 1 3/5' | |
| Flûte céleste | 8' | Mixture | III | |
| Quintadena (ext) | 8' | Tuba Profunda | 16' | |
| Cor de nuit | 8' | Trompette | 8' | |
| Cor de nuit céleste | 8' | French Tuba (ext) | 8' | |
| Fugara | 4' | French Horn | 8' | |
| Flauto Traverso | 4' | English Horn | 8' | |
| Rohrflöte | 4' | Tuba Clairon (ext) | 4' | |
| Violetta (ext) | 4' | Tremolo | ||
| Super Viola (ext) | 2' | 1Trompette en Chamade | 8' | |
| Piccolo | 2' | Chimes | ||
| Mixture | III | Harp (CH) | ||
| Schalmei | 8' | Celesta (CH) | ||
| Orchestral Oboe | 8' | |||
| Clarinet | 8' | |||
| Tremolo | ||||
| Trompette en Chamade (Solo) | 8' | |||
| 4Harp | ||||
| 4Celesta | ||||
V. Nave |
String |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5Bourdon | 16' | Contra Salicional | 16' | |
| Diapason | 8' | Viola | 8' | |
| 5Bourdon (ext) | 8' | Viola céleste | 8' | |
| Melodia | 8' | Viole d'orchestre | 8' | |
| Gamba | 8' | Voix céleste | 8' | |
| Gamba céleste | 8' | Salicional (ext) | 8' | |
| Octave | 4' | Viola céleste | 8' | |
| 5Stopped Flute (ext) | 4' | Violina | 4' | |
| Violetta | 4' | Salicet (ext) | 4' | |
| Super Octave | 2' | Salicet (ext) | 2' | |
| 5Fourniture | IV | Tremolo | ||
| Bombarde | 16' | 4Zimbelstern | ||
| 4,5Trompette harmonique (ext) | 4' | |||
| Trumpet | 8' | |||
| Oboe Horn | 8' | |||
| Vox humana | 8' | |||
| 4,5Clarion harmonique | 4' | |||
| 6Triforium Trumpet | 8' | |||
| Trompette en Chamade (Solo) | ||||
| Chimes | ||||
| Tremolo | ||||
Pedal |
Nave Pedal |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2Gravissima | 64' | Sub Bass | 16' | |
| Diapason (open wood) | 32' | Bourdon | 16' | |
| 4,7Contra Violone | 32' | Flute (ext) | 8' | |
| 4,7Bourdon | 32' | Bombarde | 16' | |
| Principal | 16' | Trompette harmonique (ext) | 8' | |
| First Diapason | 16' | Triforium Trumpet (ext) | 8' | |
| Second Diapason (GT) | 16' | Chimes | ||
| Violone (GT) | 16' | |||
| Bourdon | 16' | |||
| Contra Gamba (Solo) | 16' | |||
| Contra Viola (CH) | 16' | |||
| Salicional (SW) | 16' | |||
| Dolce Bass | 16' | |||
| Gedeckt (SW) | 16' | |||
| Octave | 8' | |||
| Flute (ext) | 8' | |||
| Gamba (Solo) | 8' | |||
| Cello (GT) | 8' | |||
| Gedeckt (SW) | 8' | |||
| Super Octave | 4' | |||
| Flute (ext) | 4' | |||
| Mixture | V | |||
| Tuba Profunda (Solo) | 16' | |||
| Posaune (GT) | 16' | |||
| Contra Fagotto (SW) | 16' | |||
| Octave Posaune (GT) | 8' | |||
| Jeux de Bombardes (Triforium sud /south) | ||||
| 6Contra Bombarde | 32' | |||
| 6Bombarde (ext) | 16' | |||
| 6Trompette (ext) | 8' | |||
| 6Clairon (ext) | 4' | |||
| 1 | Non expressif, pression de 33" / Unenclosed 33" wind | |
| 2 | Dérivé du Diapason 32' / Derived from 32' Diapason | |
| 3 | Pression de 8" / 8" pressure | |
| 4 | Nouveau jeu ajouté en 1994-97 / New stop added 1994-97 | |
| 5 | non expressif / unenclosed | |
| 6 | Non expressif, pression de 18" / Unenclosed 18" wind | |
| 7 | jeu digital de Walker/ Walker digital stop |
II. Great |
III. Swell |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diapason | 16' | Lieblich Gedeckt | 16' | |
| First Diapason | 8' | Gedeckt (ext) | 8' | |
| Second Diapason (ext) | 8' | Diapason | 8' | |
| Bourdon | 8' | Salicional | 8' | |
| Viola da Gamba (CH) | 8' | Voix céleste | 8' | |
| Dulciane (CH) | 8' | Harmonic Flute | 4' | |
| Melodia | 8' | Gedeckt (ext) | 4' | |
| Flute (ext) | 4' | Salicet (ext) | 4' | |
| Flautino | 2' | Principal | 2' | |
| Mixture | III | Gedecktflöte (ext) | 2' | |
| Trumpet | 8' | Cornopean | 8' | |
| Clarion (ext) | 4' | Oboe | 8' | |
| Vox Humana | 8' | |||
| Tremolo | ||||
I. Choir |
Pedal |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bass Flute | 16' | Resultant | 32' | |
| Dulciana | 16' | Diapason (GT) | 16' | |
| Diapason (GT) | 8' | Bourdon | 16' | |
| Viola da Gamba | 8' | Lieblich Gedeckt (SW) | 16' | |
| Melodia (GT) | 8' | Bass Flute (ext) | 8' | |
| Dulciana (ext) | 8' | Gamba (CH) | 8' | |
| Principal | 4' | Gedeckt (SW) | 8' | |
| Gambette | 4' | Double Trumpet (GT) | 16' | |
| Flute (GT) | 4' | Trumpet (GT) | 8' | |
| Dulcet (ext) | 4' | Clarion (GT) | 4' | |
| Flautino | 2' | |||
| Orchestral Oboe | 8' | |||
| Clarinet | 8' | |||
| Tremolo | ||||